2025 Mar 14, 13:39
Leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, has been a growing concern in Nigeria's health landscape. In 2020, it accounted for 5.9% of all cancer cases in the country. Leukemia is characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which hinders the body's ability to fight infections and disrupts the production of other essential blood components. Although it had 124,815 new cases in 2020, leukemia's incidence was lower compared to breast, prostate, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Leukemia is divided into four primary types: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
ALL is commonly found in children, while CLL is more predominant in adults. Despite the differences, when combined, leukemia is the largest cancer group globally, even surpassing breast cancer. The exact causes of leukemia remain unknown, but genetic factors and environmental influences have been identified as potential contributors. Smoking, exposure to benzene, and radiation are among the environmental influences that have been linked to the disease. Leukemia starts in the bone marrow, and genetic changes in its cells often trigger the development of the disease. Fortunately, significant advancements have been made in the treatment of leukemia, especially for children
Therapies like CAR T-cell therapy offer hope for future treatments. The overall five-year survival rate for adults with leukemia is now over 66%, indicating a promising future in the fight against this disease. The recent passing of Ondo State Governor, Rotimi Akeredolu, due to leukemia brought attention to the battle against this disease. His deputy, Lucky Aiyedatiwa, has been acting as Governor in his absence, highlighting the personal and political impacts of leukemia. In conclusion, leukemia is a significant health issue in Nigeria, with advancements in treatment providing hope for patients and their families. Increased awareness and research efforts are necessary to continue fighting against this disease.